Functional Disconnection of Frontal Cortex and Visual Cortex in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Mazaheri, Ali; Coffey-Corina, Sharon; Mangun, George R.; Bekker, Evelijne M.; Berry, Anne S.; Corbett, Blythe A.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.022

« Previous Next »Biological Psychiatry
Volume 67, Issue 7 , Pages 617-623, 1 April 2010

Functional Disconnection of Frontal Cortex and Visual Cortex in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Ali Mazaheri
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Address correspondence to Ali Mazaheri, Ph.D., Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, California 95618
Sharon Coffey-Corina
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
George R. Mangun
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Departments of Psychology and Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
Evelijne M. Bekker
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
Anne S. Berry
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
Blythe A. Corbett
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California

Received 21 August 2009; received in revised form 7 October 2009; accepted 11 November 2009. published online 11 January 2010.

Background

Current pathophysiologic models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that impaired functional connectivity within brain attention networks may contribute to the disorder. In this electroencephalographic (EEG) study, we analyzed cross-frequency amplitude correlations to investigate differences in cue-induced functional connectivity in typically developing children and children with ADHD.

Methods

Electroencephalographic activity was recorded in 25 children aged 8 to 12 years (14 with ADHD) while they performed a cross-modal attention task in which cues signaled the most likely (.75 probability) modality of an upcoming target. The power spectra of the EEG in the theta (3–5 Hz) and alpha (8–12 Hz) bands were calculated for the 1-sec interval after the cue and before the target while subjects prepared to discriminate the expected target.

Results

Both groups showed behavioral benefits of the predictive attentional cues, being faster and more accurate for validly cued targets (e.g., visual target preceded by a cue predicting a visual target) than to invalidly cued targets (e.g., visual target preceded by a cue predicting an auditory target); in addition, independent of cue-target validity, typical children were faster to respond overall. In the typically developing children, the alpha activity was differentially modulated by the two cues and anticorrelated with midfrontal theta activity; these EEG correlates of attentional control were not observed in the children with ADHD.

Conclusions

Our findings provide neurophysiological evidence for a specific deficit in top-down attentional control in children with ADHD that is manifested as a functional disconnection between frontal and occipital cortex.

Key Words: ADHD, alpha, attentional control, children, disconnection, EEG, theta