Fooyin Journal of Health Sciences
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Pages 105-108, August 2010

Effects of Chronic Administration of Efavirenz on the Inferior Colliculus of Adult Wistar Rats

  • Josiah Obaghwarhievwo Adjene

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, PMB1154, Benin City Edo State, Nigeria
    • ,
  • Patrick Sunday Igbigbi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

Received 4 May 2010; received in revised form 9 August 2010; accepted 18 November 2010.

Article Outline

Efavirenz is used for highly active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1. We studied the effect of chronic administration of efavirenz on the inferior colliculus of adult Wistar rats. Rats of both sexes (n = 16) were randomly assigned into treatment (n = 8) and control (n = 8) groups. The treatment group received 600 mg/70 kg body weight of efavirenz dissolved in distilled water daily for 30 days through an orogastric tube, and controls received distilled water. The rats were sacrificed on the 31st day of the experiment. We found that treated rats had cellular degenerative changes such as a sparse cellular population, hypertrophy, microcystic changes, and vacuolation in the stroma of the inferior colliculus in treated rats compared with controls. Chronic administration of efavirenz may adversely affect the auditory system by affecting the microanatomy of the inferior colliculus of adult Wistar rats.

Key Words:  efavirenz , human immunodeficiency virus , inferior colliculus , Wistar rats

No full text is available. To read the body of this article, please view the PDF online.

 

Back to Article Outline

References 

  1. American Hospital Formulary Service  . In: AHFS Drug Information . Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2007;p. 686–694
  2. Staszewski S , Miller V , Sabin C , et al.   Determinant of sustainable CD4 lymphocyte count increases in response to antiretroviral therapy . AIDS . 1999;13:951–956
  3. Gulick RM , Ribaudo HJ , Shikuma CM . Three versus four-drug antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomized controlled trial . JAMA . 2006;296:769–781
  4. Schranger LK , D'Souza MP . Cellular and anatomical reservoirs of HIV-1 in patient receiving potent antiretroviral combination therapy . JAMA . 1998;280:67–71
  5. Fox HS , Weed MR , Huitron-Resendiz S , et al.   Antiviral treatment normalizes neurophysiological but not movement abnormalities in Simian immunodeficiency virus infected monkeys . J Clin Invest . 2000;106:37–45
  6. AIDS InfoNet. Efavirenz (Sustiva) Fact Sheet 432, 2007. [Last accessed: January 31, 2009]
  7. Puzantian T . Central nervous system adverse effects with efavirenz: case report and review . Pharmacotherapy . 2002;22:930–933
  8. Ruiz NM, Bessen LJ, Manion DJ. Potential adverse experiences associated with efavirenz (Sustiva in adults) for the efavirenz clinical development team. 6th conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections, January 31-February 4, 1999, Chicago, IL, USA.
  9. Baker R . Central nervous system toxicities and efavirenz . Available at: www.hivandhepatitis.com 2006; [Date accessed: June 22, 2008]
  10. University of California, Berkeley. Fall: Mammalian neuroanatomy MCB 163. Mammalian Neuroanatomy, 1999.
  11. Siesjo BK . Utilization of substrates by brain tissues . In: Brain Energy Metabolism . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; 1978;p. 101–130
  12. Drury RAB , Wallington EA , Cameron R . In: Carleton's Histological Techniques . 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 1976;p. 279–280
  13. Wyllie AH . Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis in associated and endogenous endonuclease activation . Nature . 1980;284:555–556
  14. Farber JL , Chein KR , Mittnacht S . The pathogenesis of irreversible cell injury in ischemia . Am J Pathol . 1981;102:271–281
  15. Mitchell IJ , Lawson S , Moser B . Glutamate-induced apoptosis results in a loss of striatal neurons in the parkinsonian rat . Neuroscience . 1994;63:1–5
  16. Martins LJ , Al-Abdulla NA , Kirsh JR , et al.   Neurodegeneration in excitotoxicity, global cerebral ischaemia and target deprivation: a perspective on the contributions of apoptosis and necrosis . Brain Res Bull . 1978;46:281–309
  17. Ito U , Spatz M , Walker JT , et al.   Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. I. Light microscopic observations . Acta Neuropathol . 1975;32:209–223
  18. Adjene JO , Adenowo TK . Histological studies of the effect of chronic administration of chloroquine on the inferior colliculus of adult wistar rat . J Med Biomed Sci . 2005;4:83–87
  19. Adjene JO , Caxton-Martins AE . Some histological effect of chronic administration of chloroquine on the medial geniculate body of adult wistar rat . Afr J Med Sci . 2006;35:131–135
  20. Adjene JO , Arukwe Fl . Effects of chronic administration of efavirenz on the brain and inferior colliculus weights of adult wistar rats . Int J Neurology . 2009;12:1
  21. Johanson CE . Effects of fluid in balances . In:  Conn PM editors. Neuroscience in Medicine . City: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1995;p. 187–189
  22. Waters CM , Wakinshaw G , Moser B , et al.   Death of neurons in the neonatal rodent globus pallidus occurs as a mechanism of apoptosis . Neuroscience . 1994;63:881–894

PII: S1877-8607(11)60007-6

doi:10.1016/S1877-8607(11)60007-6

Fooyin Journal of Health Sciences
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Pages 105-108, August 2010

Article Tools