Current Orthopaedics
Volume 19, Issue 1 , Pages 1-12 , February 2005

(i) Ionising radiation and orthopaedics

  • Peter Dewey

      Affiliations

    • P.O. Box 1763, Bowral, NSW 2576, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +61248623970; fax: +61248624149.
    • ,
  • Stame George

      Affiliations

    • Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
    • ,
  • Angus Gray

      Affiliations

    • Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia

References 

  1. Dewey P, Incoll I. Evaluation of thyroid shields for reduction of radiation exposure to orthopaedic surgeons. Aust N Z J Surg. 1998;68:635–636
  2. Parker LN, Belsky JL, Yamamoto T, et al. Thyroid carcinoma after exposure to atomic radiation. Ann Int Med. 1974;80:600–605
  3. Miccoli P, Antonelli A, Spinelli C, et al. Completion total thyroidectomy in children with thyroid cancer secondary to the Chernobyl accident. Arch Surg. 1998;133:89–93
  4. Klugbauer S, Lengfelder E, Demidchik EP, Rabes HM. High prevalence of RET rearrangements in thyroid tumours of children from Belarus after the Chernobyl reactor accident. Oncogene. 1997;15:2459–2467
  5. Mizuno T, Kyoizumi SK, Suzuki T, Iwamoto KS, Seyama T. Continued expression of a tissue specific activated oncogene in the early steps of radiation induced human thyroid carcinogenesis. Oncogene. 1997;15:1455–1460
  6. ICRP 60. 1990 Recommendations on the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Annals of the ICRP 21 (1–3). Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1991.
  7. Rothkamm K, Lobrich M. Evidence for a lack of DNA double strand break repair in human cells exposed to very low X-ray doses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100(9):5057–5062
  8. Upton AC. The state of the art in the 1990s: NCRP report No 136 on the scientific bases for linearity in the dose-response relationship for ionizing radiation. Health Phys. 2003;85:15–22
  9. UNSCEAR. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionising Radiation. Annex F. Radiation Carcinogenesis in Man. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. E. 88. IX. 7, United Nations, New York, 1988.
  10. BEIR V Report. Health effects of exposure to low levels of ionising radiation. Natl Acad Sci. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1990.
  11. Clarke RH. Managing radiation risks. J R Soc Med. 1997;90:88–92
  12. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Darby S. Risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays: estimates from the UK and 14 other countries. Lancet. 2004;363:345–351
  13. Brenner DJ, Doll R, Goodhead DT, et al. Cancer risks attributable to low doses of ionizing radiation: assessing what we really know. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:13761–13766
  14. Morin Doody M, Lonstein JE, Stovall M, Hacker DG, Luckyanov N, Land CE. Breast cancer mortality after diagnostic radiography: findings from the US Scoliosis Cohort Study. Spine. 2000;25:2052–2063
  15. Doll R, Wakeford R. Risk of childhood cancer from fetal irradiation. Br J Radiol. 1997;70:130–139
  16. Giannoudis PV, McGuigan J, Shaw DL. Ionising radiation during internal fixation of extracapsular neck of femur fractures. Injury. 1998;29(6):469–472

☆ The table and figures are reproduced with kind permission of the Australian Orthopaedic Association from the booklet Radiation Safety for Orthopaedic Surgeons by George S, Dewey P, McGrath J and Beh H. The figures are adapted from Bontrager KT, Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, 4th Ed.

PII: S0268-0890(05)00003-4

doi: 10.1016/j.cuor.2005.01.002

Current Orthopaedics
Volume 19, Issue 1 , Pages 1-12 , February 2005

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