Evaluation of vertical rectus muscles using ultrasound biomicroscopy
Presented as a poster at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Keystone, Colorado, March 15-19, 2006.
Received 4 October 2006; accepted 18 June 2007. published online 10 March 2008.
Purpose
To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in measuring the distance (in mm) from limbus to the insertion of vertical rectus muscles (superior rectus and inferior rectus compared with the “gold standard” surgical caliper at the time of surgery.
Methods
Prospective, masked, observational study of 31 vertical rectus muscle insertions in which we compared the measurements from the limbus as measured by 50 MHz UBM, either preoperatively or at the time of anesthesia, with that measured by surgical caliper intraoperatively. Measurements (UBM and surgical) were evaluated by two different observers and analyzed using the Bland-Altman method. All UBM measurements were done by the same author. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson coefficient with 95% confidence intervals were used to quantify the degree of agreement between the two methods.
Results
Thirty-one vertical muscles were evaluated (13 superior rectus and 18 inferior rectus, of which 7 muscles were reoperations). The average for UBM measurements was 6.63 mm and for surgical caliper was 7.09 mm. The measurements for the two methods were all within ±2 standard deviations of the mean. Only three measurements showed differences more than 1 mm. The ICC was 0.78 and Pearson coefficient was 0.85, indicating a “very good” correlation between the two methods. The longest distance from the limbus that could be accurately measured with the UBM was 12 mm. In one case a pseudotendon was differentiated from the true insertion of a previously recessed superior rectus muscle.
Conclusions
The UBM and surgical measurements showed “very good” correlation when allowing for a margin of error of ±1.0 mm between the two modalities, indicating that the UBM is a good predictor of the position of the vertical rectus muscles.
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Reprint requests: Carlos Eduardo Solarte, MD, Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmology Department, Fundacion Valle de Lili–Avenida Simon Bolivar 98-25 Cali, Colombia.
The authors have no financial interest in any of the materials presented in this article.
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